printdictionary

	Noise	In the scanning context, this refers to random, incorrectly read pixel values, normally due to electrical interference or device instability.
	Non-Lossy	Image compression without loss of quality.
	Non-Read	In optical scanning, a term referring to information that is intended to be ignored by the scanning device but can be read by the human eye. Non-read information located in the scan area of a form must be printed in a colour that is highly reflective to the scanner while still offering sufficient contrast for human reading. However, non-read information located outside the scan area of a form may be printed in a machine readable colour.
	Non-Reflective Inks	Inks that present sufficient contrast with the background colour of the paper to be read by an optical scanning device. When viewed by optical scanners, these inks reflect relatively little light (and thus appear black to the mechanism), so the scanner recognizes these areas as marks or characters and converts them to machine language. Also called "read inks" or "scan inks".
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O	OCR	Acronym for "Optical Character Recognition" which refers to optical machine reading of human-readable characters.
	Offset Printing	Also called litho printing. A printing process in which the inked image is transferred from the plate to an intermediate blanket before being printed on the substrate. There are two types of offset printing - wet offset and dry offset. Wet offset is based on the principle that oil (ink) and water do not mix. Both the image and non-image areas are on the same plane of the image and non-image areas are on the same plane of the plate. A dampening solution is used, and the image and non-image areas are separated chemically. Dry offset printing uses a plate with relief (raised) type, so no dampening solution is required.
	Opacity	The quality of being impenetrable by liquids or light. With paper, it is the ability to keep print form showing through to the other side. Opacity is the opposite of porosity.
	Opaque	In photoengraving and offset lithography, to paint out areas on a negative not wanted on the plate. In paper, the property which makes it less transparent.
	Opaque Ink	An ink that conceals all colour beneath it.
	Optical Character Reader	An optical device that scans and identifies characters on a printed page.
	Optical Disk	A storage medium commonly used for storing large volumes of data. CD-ROM, Rewritable, and WORM are the most common types of optical disks.
	Origination	All items or materials that the client supplies to the printer to use in the printing of the job.
	Out of Register	When inks are printed over one another are not in alignment, resulting in "out of focus" images.
	Overprinting	Double printing; printing over an area that already has been printed. Used as a cost savings in customizing small batches from larger quantities of printed material.
	Overrun	Manufactured and delivered quantity that exceeds the number ordered. As long as the overrun does not exceed the percentage which is usually tolerated according to legal agreement, the customer must accept. Also refered to as "overs".
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P	Panel Numbers	Panels may be given numbers or other means of identification to aid employees in the posting or painting of the advertising structure. These same numbers serve to pinpoint panels being purchased by a buyer.
	Pantone	Pantone's ink colour-matching system. Each colour bears a description of its formulation (in percentages) for subsequent use by the printer.
	Paper Weight	Weight in gram of a square meter of paper or cardboard.
	Pass	A cycle of a press or phototypesetting system. To print in one pass means that all the colours are laid down as the substrate travels once through the press; to print in two passes means that he stock has to travel twice through the press, and so on. A four colour project on a four colour press passes through once. A six colour project on a four colour press passes through twice, etc.
	Pegboard	Wooden panels designed to receive wire hooks to hang products on them.
	Perfect Register	Term used by the printer to indicate a perfect juxtaposition of colours, producing a perfect image.
	PhotoShop	The industry-standard software package used for image manipulation, produced by Adobe.
	Pica	Printer's unit of measurement used principally in typesetting. One pica equals approximately 1/6 of an inch.
	Pixel	Abbreviation for "picture element". The smallest, most basic component of an image on a display screen. A pixel is comparable to an individual dot in a printed photograph. The number of pixels in an image determines its resolution.
	Plant	All of the Outdoor advertising structures in a given city, town or area operated by an Outdoor company or "plant operator".
	Plant Capacity	The total number of panels or signs of all types in a plant.
	Plate	The surface from which a print is made and that bears the image to be reproduced.
	Platen	A large cutting and creasing press that may be integrated with printing machines.
	PMS Colour	Pantone Matching System colour. This system was devised by the Pantone Corporation as a means of standardising custom colours of ink. The PMS system includes several hundred colours, several metallics, fluorescents, and several shades of black.
	Point Of Sale Advertising Campaign	All advertising materials realized in support of a product or a range of products in the point-of-sale.
	Point-Of-Purchase	Designation of all places where sales take place (stores, retailers, supermarkets).
	P-O-P	All advertising materials realized in support of a product or a range of products in the point-of-purchase.
	Portrait	A vertical format - the shorter dimension being at the width
	POS	More commonly referred to as P-O-P. All advertising materials realized in support of a product or a range of products in the point-of-purchase.
	Posting Date	The cycle date on which the posters of a showing are scheduled for display. There are 26 cycles in Ireland, one every two weeks.
	Posting Instruction	Detailed information sent to the plant operator covering the display of a particular poster design. These instructions should include as much marketing information as possible so that the seller can choose the panels which have the greatest efficiency in reaching the advertiser's target market.
	PostScript	The now-standard operating language through which desktop page makeup (DTP) systems operate. Pre-press systems are now described as PostScript-compatible or not.
	PostScript	A PostScript file is a special file that is created to be sent directly to the printer. Unlike an Application file, a PostScript file includes all the information necessary to print that file, including the graphics and fonts. This is the most readily accepted file format for printing. A PostScript file cannot be opened or easily modified.
	ppi/ppcm	Pixels per inch or pixels per centimeter. Units of measurement for scanned images.
	Prepack	Display serving as packaging. It is delivered packed with products.
	Prepress	Camera work, artwork layout, stencil making, plate making, and other activities performed by a printer before press work begins.
	Press Check	The press check is made at the beginning the press run. The art director and pressman check that the printed piece matches the job proof as closely as possible, (or adjusts them to their preference), and that colours are in register.
	Press Run	The total number of copies of a piece produced during one printing.
	Primary Colour	A base colour that is used to compose other colours.
	Process Blue	Another term for "cyan".
	Process Colour	CYMK / Four-Colour Process. The term used to describe colour printing by means of the three primary colours (yellow, magenta, and cyan) and black.
	Process Red	Another term for "magenta".
	Process Yellow	Another term for yellow".
	Progressive Proof	A series of colour proofs showing the individual, variously combined, and collectively combined colours used in four colour process printing. Each colour is shown separately in combination with each other colour, and in combination with every possible colour combination - finally concluding with a four colour simulation of the printed piece. These proofs are used to determine the density of each colour and each colour's effect on the other colours, especially in the order they are printed on the press.
	Proof	A sheet of printed copy that is a test representation made to show how the printed job will appear when finished.
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Q	QuarkXPress	A page layout application produced by Quark.
	Quotation	A statement of price, terms of sale, and description of goods or services offered by a vendor to a prospective client.
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R	Ready for Press	A machine signed acceptance of a proof before the start of the actual printing.
	Register	For the printed reproduction of work, all four process colours must be "in register" -- i.e., they must fit together perfectly. It is easy to tell if print is out of register by looking at the edge of the image through a magnifying glass. If you see a line of cyan, magenta, yellow, or black dots, that colour is out of register.
	Register Marks	In production, marks placed on a printed piece to assist in the proper positioning of a production operation (such as punching, perforating, or folding). In the graphic arts, register marks are target marks or "bull's eyes" placed on camera copy to assist in registration.
	Registration	n printing, registration refers to the alignment of printed images.
	Resolution	The measure of detail in an image.
	RG	Red, Green Blue. The colours used to create the image on VDU screens. Most scanners capture their image in RGB values, necessitating the conversion of the image to CYMK values for reproduction.
	RIP	RIP stands for Raster Image Format and is a print ready file format. This means that the files to be printed have been converted, through any number of steps, from their Application File Format into a format that can be understood by the printer. The RIP file format for DocuTech printers in called Interpress.
	Rough	Quick sketch of a project.
	Run On	Sheets printed in addition to the basic quantity.
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S	Sans Serif	A class of typefaces without serifs (the small terminating strokes on individual letters and characters). Helvetica and Futura are examples of sans serif typefaces.
	Scanner	Device used in photoengraving to allow the analysis, memorization and reproduction of an image.
	Scanning	A process by which images are optically sensed by a scanner and converted by special software into binary codes that correspond to the image's dark and light spots.
	Score	A partial cut through cardboard to allow bending.
	Screen	Equipment for printing made of a wooden frame on which a steel mesh is tightened, used in the Screen printing process.
	Screen Frequency	The number of rows or lines of dots in a halftone image within a given distance, normally stated in lines per inch (LPI) or lines per centimeter (Lpcm). A frequency of 200 lpi would only be used in high-quality printing.
	Screen Process	A method of printing where the ink is pushed through a steel mesh onto the surface to be printed.
	Screen Ruling	A measure of the quality or fineness of the dot structure used to reproduce a halftone image or tint, expressed in lines per inch or centimeter.
	Screen-Printing	Formally called Silk Screen. Rather than print from a plate or cylinder, a stencil is prepared by hand or photographically on a screen mesh. Ink is then forced through the screen and onto the substrate.
	Serif	The small terminating strokes on individual letters and characters, except in san serif faces. Most text is set in serif typefaces (fonts) because it is easier to read long passages in serif faces than in sans serif faces. (Times and Palatino are serif typefaces).
	Set-Up	All work done to prepare the machines before the printing starts.
	Shadow	The darkest area of an image.
	Shelf Extender	Small tray to a shelf to highlight a product more than others by projecting it out from the usual shelf edge.
	Shelf Fitments	Special decorative shelf edging which highlights a product range and differentiates if from the rest.
	Shop in Shop	A set of display elements for a brand or a product line creating a mini shop inside the sales point.
	Show-Card	Panel destinated to display-windows.
	Slatwall	Wooden panels designed to receive wire hooks to hang products on them.
	Slide	Transparency viewed on a light box or by projection.
	Specifications	Complete and precise descriptions of paper, ink, binding, quantity, and other features of a printing job.
	Spot Colour	Also refereed to as line colour. Where a colour is printed using a specific colour of ink rather than creating it from the process colours.
	Standee	Person or object cut out in their real size.
	Stitch	To sew, staple or otherwise fasten paper or board together.
	Stock	Paper or other material to be printed.
	Strut	Foldable brace fixed at the back side of a display or a panel for vertical stability.
	Substrate	Any material on which printing is to be done.
	Superside	Also refereed to in Ireland as a Bus Kerbside.
	Swatch	A collection of colour patches to show the colour of papers or inks.
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T	Taxi Display	Advertising structures affixed to taxicabs, either on the roof or rear. Roof panels are called taxi-tops and are generally backlit.
	TIFF	Acronym for "Tag Image File Format". This is a common type of image file format for illustrations created or scanned into desktop publishing software. Other common image formats include: PICT, DXF, IGES, HGL, BMP and EPS
	Tints	Various even tone areas (strengths) of a solid colour. Transparency --A photograph, especially a positive colour image, on transparent material. Available in several formats, transparencies are, at present, the best means of conveying images to the pre-press system.
	Tone Curves	lso known as gamma curves. These are used to smoothly adjust the overall tonal range of an image, or the individual tonal ranges of each colour channel.
	Transit Advertising	Those outdoor media appearing on the exterior or interior of public transportation vehicles or stations ( buses, trains, commuter rail, subways, platforms, terminals, etc.) and airports.
	Transparency	Process to reproduce 4 colours on transparent underground.
	Transparency	A transparent positive photograph.
	Trapping	The technique of slightly overlapping one image on an adjacent one to avoid unsightly white gaps if misregister occurs in printing.
	Trim	To cut or square the edges of paper either before or after printing.
	Trim Marks	In printing, marks placed on the copy to indicate the edge of the page.
	Trim Size	Size of the printed product after the last trim is made.
	T-Side	TDI product.
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U	Uncoated	Term used to describe paper or board that does not have a top layer of china clay (mineral). Uncoated papers are less expensive, and long blocks of text read easier on it than coated papers.
	Unit	In multicolor presses, refers to the combination of inking, plate and impression operations to print each other. OPCO's 4-color Heidelberg press has 4 printing units each with its own inking, plate and impression functions.
	Unix	A high level non-proprietary operating system that allows multi-tasking and sophisticated command line interface programming.
	Up	In printing, two-up, three-up, four-up, etc. refers to imposition of material to be printed on a larger size sheet to take advantage of full press capacity.
	USM	Unsharp masking. A process used to sharpen images.
	UV Varnish	Varnish employed after printing through ultra-violet radiation.
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V	Varnish	Varnish or lacquer applied to printed matter to improve its appearance or possibly to increase its durability. Not as strong or glossy as lamination.
	Vignette	An illustration in which the background fades gradually away until it blends into the unprinted paper.
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W	Wall Fixture	Element for product display and stocking.
	Warm Colour	In printing, a colour with a yellowish or reddish cast.
	Wash-Up	The process of cleaning the press, rollers, plate and ink fountain when changing ink colours on the press.
	Wobbler	Device cut out of cardboard or light plastic. Fits into the price railings or the shelf uprights
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Y	Yellow	Hue of a subtractive primary and a 4-color process ink. It reflects red and green light and absorbs blue light.
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Z	Zip	Removable disk storage medium, suitable for smaller files up to 100Mb.
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Print Dictionary

	Please Note:	If you cannot find the word or term in our print dictionary, e-mail us by clicking here and we will e-mail you back with the definition.

A	Absorption	In paper, the property which causes it to take up liquids or vapors in contact with it.
	Additional Colour	Colour added to the four primary colours for printing, used in direct tint.
	Additive Primaries	Red, green and blue are the primary colours of light from which all other colours can be made.
	Advertising Structure	Physical structures built by an outdoor advertising organisation to display advertising. The message may be applied to the structure in several different ways. Structures are built to carry standard size advertising material.
	Against The Grain	Folding or feeding paper at right angles to the grain direction of the paper.
	Airbrush	In artwork, a small pressure gun shaped like a pencil that sprays watercolour pigment. Used to correct and obtain tone or graduated tone effects. In platemaking, used with an abrasive-like pumice to remove spots or other unwanted areas. In electronic imaging, a retouching technique.
	Aliasing	Visibly jagged steps along angled or object edges, due to sharp tonal contrasts between pixels.
	Alterations	Changes made in text copy or art after a job has been set in type or shot and proofs have been pulled for checking
	Animated Display	A display which has one or several moving elements (using small battery operated, electrical or solar energy driven motor) in order to attract the customer's attention.
	Application File Format	When a document is created using desktop publishing software, the resulting files or files are typically saved to the computer's hard disk. This file is said to be in an Application File Format. This format is unique to the software used and enables the user to continue to work with the document.
	Archive	When referring to electronic archiving, it means the ability to electronically store documents for future electronic, on-demand printing. The files are commonly stored in a print ready format and are not accessible for editing. However, changes to the stored document can be incorporated by replacing pages or entire sections with updated pages.
	Artwork	Illustrations, drawings, photographs, renderings, paintings, sketches, or copy of any kind - except text copy - that is being prepared or used for reproduction.
	Availability	As in other media, it is the space available for sale at a given time.
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B	Backlight Units (Backlit)	Advertising structures which house illumination in a box to throw light through translucent advertising printed on vinyl for a higher visibility and extended night viewing.
	Banner	A streamer attached vertically
	Bar Code	A system of symbols used to identify data through length, position, size, or thickness of lines r symbols. Bar codes are normally both printed and read by machines.
	Bindery	The phase of the print job in which the job is finished - that is, where the printed sheet is manipulated into its final format by such processes as folding, stitching, gluing, and cutting.
	Bindery Operations	Operations normally performed after press operations. Such operations may include punching, fastening, drilling, folding, trimming, slitting, numbering and affixing.
	Bit Depth	The number of bits used to represent each pixel in an image to determine its colour or tone.
	Bit Map	In computer imaging, the electronic representation of a page, indicating the position of every possible spot (zero or none).
	Bitmapped (Rasterized) Image	A graphic or character represented by pixels or dots that display the graphic's light or dark spots arranged horizontally and vertically. Each pixel is indicated as a 1 (dark spot) or a 0 (light spot) to the computer in binary code.
	Black Point	A reference point that defines the darkest area in an image, causing all other areas to be adjusted accordingly.
	Blanket	A covering on the printing cylinder of an offset press. The blanket receives the impression from the plate and transfers it to the paper. Since the blanket acts as a transfer agent, it will have a "mirror" image of the images on the plate and substrate.
	Bleed	That part of the image which extends beyond the trim-line of the page (i.e., the printed matter designed to run off the edge of the paper). Illustrations which spread to the edge of the page and allow no margins are described as bled-off.
	Blow Up	A photographic enlargement
	Box Pallet	Floor header usually made of printed cardboard, having a front with the advertising message and a base containing an important quantity of products. The whole is fixed on a wooden pallet whose ground dimensions are standardized.
	Browser	A software application that permits browsing, retrieval and viewing of content on the Internet, World Wide Web and intranets.
	Bulk	The degree of thickness of paper. In book printing, the number of pages per inch for a given basis weight.
	Burn	In platemaking, a common term used for a plate exposure.
	Bus Back	TDI product
	Bus Shelter Displays	Posters positioned as an integral part of a free standing covered structure at a bus stop. Backlit or standard two sheet poster.
	Bus Side	TDI product
	Bus Wrap	TDI product
	Byte	A measurement unit equal to 8 bits of digital information.
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C	CD-ROM	Acronym for Compact Disc-Read-Only Memory. A CD-ROM drive uses the CD format as a computer storage medium.
	Celloglaze	A generic term for laminating a printed sheet.
	Change Mat	Small advertising mat disposed on a shop's paydesk for change.
	Circulation	Circulation (potential viewers) is the foundation for determining the advertising value of outdoor sites. Outdoor circulation is based on traffic volume. There are three types of people in this volume: occupants of cars, pedestrians and mass transit passengers. Generally outdoor circulation figures will only reflect people in vehicles. Occupancy rates vary by states, by type of location and time of day.
	Clipping	The conversion of all tones lighter than a specified grey level to white, or darker than a specified grey level to black, causing loss of detail. This also applies to individual channels in a colour image.
	Coated	Term used to describe paper or board that has a top layer of china clay (a mineral) to give a smooth finish. Coated stock reproduces a sharper dot that uncoated substrates (i.e., paper) and usually has a higher level of gloss. Glossy magazines, for example, are printed on coated paper. Also known as enamel paper or surface paper.
	Coated Paper	Paper or board covered with a mat or brilliant shiny effect to get a better print.
	Coating	In printing, an emulsion, varnish or lacquer applied over a printed surface to protect it.
	Cold Colour	In printing, a colour with a bluish cast.
	Collate	To organize, gather and assemble the various parts of a printed piece or business form.
	Colour Cast	An overall colour imbalance in an image, as if viewed through a coloured filter.
	Colour Correction	Any method such as masking, dot-etching, re-etching and scanning, used to improve colour rendition.
	Colour Separation	The division of colours of a continuous tone multicolored original or line copy into basic portions, each of which is to be reproduced by a separate printing plate.
	Colour Separations	Colour process printing uses four colours: (1) cyan; (2) yellow; (3) magenta; and (4) black {also known as CYMK}. These print as tiny dots of solid colour, which combine to give the full colour range of the original. The copy is broken down into the process colours by photographic or electronic colour separation. In separation, the original copy is photographed four times using coloured filters, to produce a different separation negative for each colour.
	Colour Swatch	A series of colour guides, which may be graded in a standardised fashion as in the Pantone matching system.
	Compression	The reduction in size of an image file.
	Continuous Tone	A photographic image which contains gradient tones from black to white.
	Contra Vision	A print substrate whose panels typically provide one-way vision, see-through graphic advertisements and signs.
	Copy	The complete advertising message to be displayed on the advertising structure.
	Corrugated	Board composed of one or several fluted paper sheets glued between or on one more flat facings.
	Counter Dispenser	Advertising material placed on the counter with on its front side several products exposed to the consumer for self-service, contrary to a stocking material where the products are placed at the back side of the display and thus on the seller's side.
	Coverage	Extent to which ink covers the substrate. Ink coverage is usually expressed in percentage terms.
	Creasing	Partial shaping of cardboard through stamping to allow it to fold
	Cromalin	A type of colour proof, produced from colour separated film, used to give an indication to the client of how the full-colour print job will look.
	Crop	To eliminate portions of the copy, usually on a photograph or plate, indicated on the original by cropmarks.
	Crop Marks	In design, the lines drawn on an overlay or in the margins of an illustration to define the portion of the image that will appear in the reproduction.
	Cropping	Trimming or masking sections of the artwork that are not required to be printed.
	Crossover	An image that continues from one page of a publication across the gutter to the opposite page.
	Curl	A waviness or rolling effect that sometimes occurs at the edge of a paper sheet. It is usually associated with the improper moisture balance within the sheet, or uneven drying when the orientation with the sheet, improper refining of pulp or mechanical stresses during manufacture or printing.
	Cutting or Creasing	An operation carried out on a special finishing machine when special shapes need to be cut and creased. For each job, a forme is made up to shape with cutting and/or creasing rules to the required design
	Cyan	The special blue used in four-colour process printing
	CYMK	The process colours Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black which are combined in varying amounts to represent colours in an original image. K is used for Black to avoid confusion with Blue.
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D	Decompression	The expansion of compressed image files.
	Density	The degree of darkness (light absorption or opacity) of a photographic image or the degree of opacity of a light absorbing filter, pigment or exposed photographic emulsion.
	Descender	That part of a lower case letter which extends below the main body, as in "p,"
	Descreening	Removal of halftone dot patterns during or after scanning printed matter by defocusing the image.
	Die	A tool made from steel and wood used for cutting irregular shapes from paper or board. Also called a forme.
	Die Cutting	Using a forme to cut holes or irregular outlines in display work.
	Digital Colour Proof	A colour proof produced from digital data without the need for separation films.
	Direct-To-Plate	Direct exposure of image data onto printing plates, without the intermediate use of film.
	Direct-To-Press	Elimination of intermediate film and printing plates by the direct transfer of image data to printing cylinders in the press.
	Display Network	Company that rents sites and assures the placement and the maintenance of Point Of Sale advertising material on sales points of a given category.
	Display Period	The exposure time during which the individual advertising message is on display. Poster display periods vary depending upon individual advertiser needs and copy change periods dictated by the campaigns.
	Document Reader	An OCR (Optical Character Recognition) device that reads one or several lines of data when the document is moved past one or more read heads.
	Dot	The individual element of a halftone.
	Dot Gain	In printing, a defect in which dots print larger than they should, causing darker tones or stronger colours.
	DPI	Acronym for "Dots Per Inch". A 300 DPI printer, for instance is capable of printing 300 dots across and 300 down within one inch square. DPI is a measurement of resolution for scanning, displaying, or printing.
	Dummy	A preliminary layout showing the position of illustrations and text as they are to appear in the final reproduction. A set of blank pages made up in advance to show the size, shape, form and general style of a piece of printing
	Dump Bin	Holder made from board, plastic or wire designed to be filled usually with loose products.
	Duotone	A two-colour halftone reproduction from a one-colour photograph.
	Dupe	To create an identical duplicate of an original piece of film.
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E	Effective Circulation	Potential viewers. Estimate of the audience which has an opportunity to see an outdoor poster. i.e. occupants of north bound vehicles for an south facing poster.
	em	In composition, a unit of measurement exactly as wide an high as the point size being set.
	Embossing	Process producing raised images on thin materials such as paper, cardboard, leather or certain supple plastics : dry embossing or ink embossing.
	Emulsion	A light-sensitive coating on film or stencils.
	en	In composition, one-half the width of an em.
	Enamel Paper	Coated Paper. Term used to describe paper or board that has a top layer of china clay (a mineral) to give a smooth finish. Coated stock reproduces a sharper dot that uncoated substrates (paper) and usually has a higher level of floss. Glossy magazines, for example, are printed on coated paper. Also known as coated paper or surface paper.
	Enlarged Pack	Not for sale reproduction of an object or a product enlarged in size.
	EPS	Encapsulated PostScript. A file format often used for images generated in object-orientated drawing applications like "Illustrator" or "Freehand" and for scanned images
	Exhibition Stand	Setup for the exhibition of a brand and its products during a given period at an exhibition hall
	Exposure	Represents the opportunity for an advertising message to be seen and read.
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F	Face	The surface of an Outdoor advertising structure on which the advertising message is posted or painted.
	Facing	Number of products of a same range represented in the front line of the store shelf.
	Feeder	In printing presses, the section that separates the sheets and feeds them in position for printing.
	Fibre Optic Display	An innovative use of electronic light transmitting fibres to create changeable copy displays
	Film	Negative/Positive Sheets or rolls or a clear and stable plastic containing line and/or tone reproductions of the image. Used during the making of printing stencils.
	Film Negative	A reverse photographic image in which dark areas appear light and vice versa. Film negatives are used to make printing plates.
	Film Positive	A piece of clear acetate or other film upon which the image appears as it did in the original.
	Finished Size	The size of a printed product after production is complete.
	Finishing	All production operations after printing. The processes include cutting, punching, stitching and gluing
	Flatbed Scanner	Any scanning device that incorporates a flat transparent plate, on which original images are placed for scanning.
	Floor Graphics	New technique of printed floor-level advertising, printed on a material which is resistant to wear and tear, is non-slip, hard wearing but removal.
	Font	In composition, a complete assortment of letters, numbers, punctuation marks, etc. of a given size and design. For example, Times or Helvetica.
	Format	All elements that make up the individual character of a publication. Format includes size, style, type, page margins, printing requirements, binding, etc.
	Four Colour Process	A technique of printing that uses the three process colours of ink (cyan, magenta, yellow) and black to simulate colour photographs or illustrations.
	Four Colour Process Inks	The inks used in four-colour process printing.
	Frequency	The number of times an average individual has the opportunity to be exposed to an advertising message during a period of time
	Front Line or Shelf Facings	The shelving or the sales space in a self service where the products are placed.
	FTP	Acronym for "File Transfer Protocol". A networking protocol for moving files between computers.
	Full Colour	Synonymous with Four-Colour Process.
	Full-Bleed	Full-Bleed
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G	Gamma Correction	The correction of tonal ranges in an image, normally by the adjustment of tone curves.
	Ghosting	Phenomenon of a faint, unintended image on a printed sheet
	Giant Silhouette	Person or object cut out in their real size.
	Gigabyte (Gb)	1,024 megabytes, or 1,048,576 kilobytes of digital data
	Gold Stamping	A process that gives a gold metallic look at impression.
	Gondola	Display shelf used in supermarkets for the sale of products.
	Grammage	(g/m”). Refers to a method of indicating the weight of paper. Written as "gsm".
	gsm	(g/m”). Refers to a method of indicating the weight of paper.
	Gravity Bin	Tall, vertical display dispensing loose products by gravity.
	Gravity Feed	Gravity Feed
	Greyscale	A continuous tone image comprising black, white and grey data only.
	Guillotine	Machine to trim paper or board before or after printing.
	Gutter	The inner margin of a page, from the edge of the printing area to the binding edge
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H	Halftone	Artwork reproduced by breaking down the original tone image into a pattern of dots of varying size. Small dots produce light areas and larger dots produce darker areas
	Hanging Card	Light printed advertising cards suspended from store ceiling.
	Hard Copy	The permanent visual record of the output of a computer or printer.
	Hickies	In printing, spots or defects caused by foreign matter on the printing plate or screen. Ink hickies appear as dark specks with a white ring around them; paper hickies appear as white specks.
	Hue	The part of a colour that produces its main attribute - for example its redness or blueness - rather than its shade (lightness or darkness).
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I	Illuminated	Outdoor structure with internal or external electrical equipment installed for illumination of the message at night.
	Illustrator	Popular object-oriented drawing application produced by Adobe.
	Imagesetter	Laser output device which records images and text at high resolution on photosensitive paper or film.
	Imposition	Imposition
	Impression	In production, one revolution of the printing cylinder. It refers to the pressure of the type, plate, or stencil as it contacts the paper and produces printed copy. An impression is any printed page.
	Impulse Purchase	Purchase which is not planned before entering the shop and often initiated by Point Of Purchase Display, special offer or good product presentation.
	Inflatable	Display made of thin plastic - welded panels in shape of products which when filled with air expand to form the exact replica of the product.
	Interpolation	In the image manipulation context, this is the increase of image resolution by the addition of new pixels throughout the image, the colours of which are based on neighbouring pixels.
	ISDN	A digital telephone line which allows very rapid, reliable and low-cost transmission of data between two computers.
	Island	Display placed outside the shelf space and standing alone and approachable from all sides.
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J	Job Estimate	Documentation indicating the price of a specific printing job; given to printing customers before a job is run.
	Job Ticket	A comprehensive job information form containing all pertinent job requirements including size, run, paper, colour, etc.
	JPEG	Joint Photographic Experts Group. An organization that has defined various file compression techniques.
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K	Kerning	In typesetting, an effort to eliminate excessive white space in a document by reducing the space between certain letters.
	Keyline	An outline showing the shape for a diecut, crease or perforation.
	Kilobyte	1,024 bytes of digital data.
	Kb	1,024 bytes of digital data.
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L	Laminating	Applying transparent or coloured plastic films, usually with a high gloss finish, to printed matter to protect or to enhance it. Various films are available with different gloss, folding and strength characteristics.
	Landscape	Page orientation in which the width is greater than the height.
	Laser Printer	Although a number of devices employ laser technology to print images, this normally refers to desktop printers which use the dry toner, xerographic printing process.
	Leading	In typesetting systems, to lead is to add spaces between lines of type.
	Leaflet Dispenser	Usually made of plastic or cardboard to hold free leaflets.
	Lifesize Cut-Outs	Person or object cut out in their real size.
	Light Box	A partially or completely transparent box equipped with luminous electrical fillings presenting texts or images.
	Light Box	A box with a translucent glass top lit from below, giving a balanced light suitable for colour matching on which colour transparencies, prints and proofs can be examined or compared.
	Line Art	mages containing only black and white pixels. Also known as bilevel images. The term line art is sometimes used to describe drawings containing flat colours without tonal variation.
	Line Colour	Where a colour is printed using a specific colour of ink rather than creating it from the process colours.
	Line Copy	Reproducible copy consisting of solid blacks and whites. In text, line copy consists of letters, numerals, punctuation marks, rules, borders, dots, or any other marks in black and white. Black line illustrations on white paper are also line copy.
	Line Drawings	Solid black line artwork that does not require halftone reproduction.
	Lines Per Inch	The number of lines or rows of dots there are per inch in a screen and, therefore, in a screen tint, halftone or separation.
	Lithographic Printing	A printing process where the image and non-image surfaces are on the same plane while the paper makes contact with the whole plate surface. The printing area is treated to accept ink and the non-printing surface is treated to attract water or other solutions so that it rejects ink.
	Lossy	Image compression that functions by removing minor tonal and/or colour variations, causing visible loss of detail at high compression ratios.
	LPI	The number of lines or rows of dots there are per inch in a screen and, therefore, in a screen tint, halftone or separation.
	LZW	The Lempel-Ziv-Welch image compression technique.
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M	Machine Proof	A proof made on a machine similar to the one which it will be printed.
	Magenta	ne of the colours used in four colour process reproduction. Often referred to as "process red", it reflects blue and red light and absorbs green light. It is also one of the filters used in making colour separations.
	Makeready	In printing, all work done to set up a press for printing.
	Masking	A reproduction technique for colour correction in the preparation of separations on a camera or enlarger.
	Masking	In the graphic arts, preventing a specific portion of an illustration from being reproduced by placing paper over it before exposure. In offset lithography, masking refers to the use of opaque material to protect non-printing areas of the printing plate during exposure.
	Matchprint	3M trade name for a colour proof.
	Matt Finish	Dull paper finish without gloss or luster.
	Media	Media is the physical material used to store electronic files. Typical media includes: CD's, tapes, disks, Zip disks & Jaz disks.
	Megabyte	1,024 kilobytes or 1,048,576 bytes of digital data.
	Mb	1,024 kilobytes or 1,048,576 bytes of digital data
	Merchandising	Technique designed to optimise sales, based on the planned product displays on-shelf to form an attractive appealing and informative presentation for the customer.
	Metallic Inks	Inks in which the normal pigments are replaced by very fine metallic particles, typically gold or silver in colour.
	Midtone	The middle range of tones in an image.
	Mobile	Display made of cardboard or another light material. Linked up with thread and suspended from the ceiling the various parts move independently in space.
	Modular System	Elements that can be assembled in various dimensions and sizes according to the space available.
	Moiré	A chequered pattern which is created when the screen angles are not set out correctly in colour work. Can happen when a digital scan is made from printed materials rather than from the original photographic print or transparency.
	Monochrome	Single-coloured. An image or medium displaying only black and white or greyscale information. Greyscale information displayed in one colour is also monochrome.
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N	Negative	A reverse photographic image on film or paper in which the dark areas appear light and the light areas appear dark.

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